GFT instruments / Capacity and commissioning
Capacity arrives in phases.
Performance has to learn.
Commission in phases. Let each cohort learn. Follow monthly output, staffing and fixed-cost coverage, then price the consequence of a commissioning delay. An illustrative eighteen-month planning instrument.
Illustrative base case units in 18 months · first coverage
Illustrative base caseCohort output, units per month (peak 224,000)
An instrument for the decision
How quickly can a factory ramp, and what does each month of delay cost?
Change a phase, a learning curve or a delay. The cloth and the output woven above it recalculate at once.
Output, units per month (peak 224,000)Illustrative
- P1Mature
- P2Learning
- P3Learning
- P4Not installed
This month covers site overhead and loaded payroll. Check that orders and material supply can support this output.
Move across the cloth or the output to read a month. Click to select it.
Hold the observation window fixed
A delayed line loses contribution and defers hiring.
Compare your schedule with exactly the same plan without delay. The bridge measures the change inside this horizon.
The same cloth, 3 months lateLost beyond M18: units
Net delay loss, illustrative
XAF
3 months of shared delay, against the same plan without delay. Worked example: your delay is 0, so this shows three months.
Net delay loss for each month of delay, 0 to 12
Delay 0 months: 0m XAF. Press a bar to set the delay.
Save a baseline, then challenge it
Challenge the saved baseline with a new case.
Baseline A opens as the slower learning case: twelve months to mature, 65% utilisation. Change any input to create B; the dashed cloth shows the gap. Save current as A to replace the baseline. Sharing carries B and the inspected month, never the baseline.
Read the A and B table
| Horizon measure | Saved A | Current B | B minus A |
|---|---|---|---|
| Output / units | 1,591,200 | 2,304,000 | +712,800 |
| Operating balance | -81.36m XAF | 774m XAF | 855.36m XAF |
| Peak operating deficit | 317.27m XAF | 144.16m XAF | -173.11m XAF |
| First monthly coverage | M11 | M6 | See the ledger |
| Shared delay / months | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The cloth, turned a quarter
Reconcile every month before committing capacity.
| Monthcalendar | Woven monthactive cohorts | Linesactive | Outputunits | Staffpeople | Contributionm XAF | Fixed costm XAF | Coverageratio | Balancem XAF | Cumulativem XAF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | 4 | 19,200 | 252 | 23.04 | 65.24 | 0.35× | -42.2 | -42.2 | |
| 4 | 24,320 | 252 | 29.18 | 65.24 | 0.45× | -36.06 | -78.26 | ||
| 4 | 29,440 | 252 | 35.33 | 65.24 | 0.54× | -29.91 | -108.17 | ||
| 4 | 34,560 | 252 | 41.47 | 65.24 | 0.64× | -23.77 | -131.94 | ||
| P2 | 10 | 68,480 | 495 | 82.18 | 94.4 | 0.87× | -12.22 | -144.16 | |
| 10 | 81,280 | 495 | 97.54 | 94.4 | 1.03× | 3.14 | -141.02 | ||
| 10 | 88,960 | 495 | 106.75 | 94.4 | 1.13× | 12.35 | -128.67 | ||
| 10 | 96,640 | 495 | 115.97 | 94.4 | 1.23× | 21.57 | -107.1 | ||
| P3 | 16 | 133,120 | 738 | 159.74 | 123.56 | 1.29× | 36.18 | -70.92 | |
| 16 | 148,480 | 738 | 178.18 | 123.56 | 1.44× | 54.62 | -16.3 | ||
| 16 | 156,160 | 738 | 187.39 | 123.56 | 1.52× | 63.83 | 47.53 | ||
| 16 | 163,840 | 738 | 196.61 | 123.56 | 1.59× | 73.05 | 120.58 | ||
| P4 | 20 | 190,720 | 900 | 228.86 | 143 | 1.6× | 85.86 | 206.44 | |
| 20 | 203,520 | 900 | 244.22 | 143 | 1.71× | 101.22 | 307.66 | ||
| 20 | 208,640 | 900 | 250.37 | 143 | 1.75× | 107.37 | 415.03 | ||
| 20 | 213,760 | 900 | 256.51 | 143 | 1.79× | 113.51 | 528.54 | ||
| 20 | 218,880 | 900 | 262.66 | 143 | 1.84× | 119.66 | 648.2 | ||
| 20 | 224,000 | 900 | 268.8 | 143 | 1.88× | 125.8 | 774 |
Output is rounded to whole units for readability; the calculation keeps fractional expected units and staffing rounds up to whole people. Currency columns are millions of CFA franc (XAF), with no foreign-exchange assumption.
Method / the calculation stays visible
Count capacity once, and let each phase learn separately.
=×××
Step 01 / 04
Time starts at commissioning.
Each phase adds identical lines at the start of its nominated month, plus the shared delay, and they run for the whole month.
Show the arithmetic
The model uses an eighteen-month calendar. No partial month is inferred. Scheduled utilisation reduces the share of the nominal calendar that is loaded; efficiency then reduces output within loaded time. Avoid subtracting the same loss through both.
Step 02 / 04
Learning follows cohort age.
A new phase starts at starting efficiency and rises to mature efficiency over the learning period, so each band darkens from its own start.
Show the arithmetic
The linear setting rises evenly, counting the first month. Early gains uses a square-root progression over the same endpoints. These are sensitivity shapes, not fitted learning laws. The maturity count shows phases that completed the period; it does not certify a training standard.
Step 03 / 04
Staffing follows installed capacity.
A core team is kept from the first month, even with no line available. The rest of the headcount scales with the share of planned lines installed.
Show the arithmetic
The full-plan estimate is therefore a ceiling. It does not model vacancies, overtime, training lead time or grades. A zero-line plan keeps only core staff and overhead, so an idle organisation shows its cost.
Step 04 / 04
Coverage is an operating test.
Contribution is compared with fixed cost in every month. The selvedge marks each month that covers it; the uncovered months carry the deficit.
Show the arithmetic
Contribution per unit must already deduct materials and every other variable cost, and exclude payroll and the fixed overhead entered here. Coverage is undefined when fixed cost is zero. The first coverage month can be followed by another loss-making month when a new phase opens, so read the whole ledger. Peak deficit is the deepest month-end balance below zero from a zero opening balance.
For each commissioning cohort: lines × nominal units per line-month × utilisation × age-dependent efficiency. Monthly contribution less overhead and loaded payroll gives operating balance. Delay cost equals contribution forgone less payroll avoided over the same eighteen-month window. GFT illustrative cohort arithmetic. Phase structure and staffing estimate follow the assigned planning brief; all assumptions are shown below. A planning aid. Not investment, legal or tax advice. Verify inputs and boundaries before an operational decision.
One plan, three readings
The same four waves look different when learning slows or the date slips.
01 / 03 · As planned
units over 18 monthsfirst coverage M6
02 / 03 · Learning slower
−345,600 vs planfirst coverage M9
03 / 03 · Three months late
−656,640 vs planfirst coverage M9
Illustrative. The three readings are derived from the planner's current inputs: slower learning doubles the learning period, late commissioning shifts every phase by three months.
01 / 03
As planned.
Four waves of lines arrive on schedule and every cohort climbs from its own starting efficiency. Output is the sum of cohorts, not one curve.
02 / 03
Learning slower.
Double the learning period and the same lines make less in every month after commissioning. The staircase of installed lines does not move: the gap is all efficiency.
03 / 03
Three months late.
Every phase shifts right. Production hiring moves with the lines; core staff and overhead do not. The window still ends at month 18, so output is lost at the end of it.
Read the gap before choosing the next phase
Two readers, one model, two different questions.
Is the installed line actually loaded?
- Compare the month’s output with confirmed orders and material availability.
- Test lower utilisation before assuming another wave improves the balance.
- Schedule supervisors, quality checks and maintenance from the output and headcount ledger.
Does each cohort learn as assumed, and when is fixed cost covered?
- Update the starting efficiency from observed first-shift performance, not this example.
- Read the first coverage month, and whether a new phase reopens the gap.
- Treat the operating deficit as a floor, not the financing requirement.
The pulled column: M9, from nominal rate to output
Nominal rate of active lines16 lines × 20,000
After scheduled utilisation× 80%
Output after learning× cohort efficiency
This is GFT's own illustrative arithmetic, not an empirical forecast. No external productivity or financial benchmark is asserted; the source register records the local assignment basis and the absence of externally sourced numerical defaults.
The boundary of the arithmetic
Where does the model stop?
- Readiness is not elapsed time. Equipment acceptance, safe utilities, trained supervisors and verified product quality sit outside the model.
- Four constants hold. Equal line capacity, constant contribution, constant loaded payroll rates and unrestricted material supply.
- A deficit is not a funding need. The operating deficit is not the financing requirement, and output delayed beyond the horizon changes how a delay loss reads.
Outside the model
- Capital payments and inventory
- Receivables, financing and tax
Inside the model
- Contribution per saleable unit
- Loaded payroll by active lines
- Site overhead, idle months included
- An eighteen-month window
- Inflation and exchange movements
- Within-month cash timing
Measure the shift before scaling the site.
The research catalogue lists topics, not released papers. Each tag asks a question this planner cannot answer for you.
Register of defaults
Every default has an explicit status.
These inputs are a transparent illustrative case. The brief supplies no sourced factory productivity or cost benchmark. Replace the example with validated engineering quantities, hiring plans and commercial assumptions before using it in a decision.
of 9 changed from default · showing
Lit: the row bands, governed by Phase schedule.
Phase scheduleAssumptionChanged
M1 / M5 / M9 / M13; 4 / 6 / 6 / 4 lines
Illustrative: staged release of twenty equal-capacity lines across four commissioning waves.
Nominal ratePlaceholderChanged
20,000 units per line-month
Illustrative: a round planning denominator at full schedule and full efficiency. Replace with engineering cycle-time capacity.
Scheduled utilisationPlaceholderChanged
80%
Illustrative: four fifths of nominal scheduled line time. A time-loading factor, independent of learning efficiency.
Efficiency and curveAssumptionChanged
30% to 70%; 6 months; linear
Illustrative learning bounds from the lane brief, with a chosen six-month learning period. Each phase learns separately.
HeadcountEstimateChanged
About 900 people
Estimate from the lane brief, not a GFT employment claim. Core staff are 10% of this target, rounded up; the rest follows active-line share.
Loaded payrollPlaceholderChanged
120,000 XAF per person-month
Illustrative blended fully loaded cost. No statutory wage or legal adequacy claim.
Non-payroll overheadPlaceholderChanged
35,000,000 XAF per month
Illustrative committed site overhead, retained throughout the horizon, including idle months. Payroll is added separately.
Unit contributionPlaceholderChanged
1,200 XAF per saleable unit
Illustrative proceeds after material and other variable costs, before payroll and overhead. Not a quoted price or a margin benchmark.
Delay and horizonAssumptionChanged
Zero delay initially; 18 calendar months
Illustrative shared commissioning shift. Delays defer production hiring but retain core staff and overhead. The window never moves.
Held ring: 6 lines on bare warp
Use the result in its boundary
A calendar cannot certify readiness.
A commissioning date in this model is an assumption. Release a phase only after its actual safety, training, quality and order-readiness checks. Reconcile the first operating months against the cohort curve before committing another expansion.
Phase 1 runs at 62% efficiency in M5, against 70% mature. The plan itself puts phase 2 at M5.
Hold. The calendar says M5. 4 of 4 evidence items are not logged, so the date alone releases nothing.
The plan stays at 4 running lines until all four items are logged.
Keep the operating boundary with the decision. Fixed-cost coverage here excludes capital expenditure, working capital, debt service, depreciation and tax. Positive monthly coverage does not establish project viability or the total funding requirement. This is a scenario, not a forecast or an investment recommendation. Read the measurement approach ↗